10/6/2023 0 Comments Download joie futurePET and fMRI studies have revealed compensatory processes, suggestive of an attempted functional adaptation in the face of relentless neurodegeneration ( Schoenfeld et al., 2005 ). Landmark studies of presymptomatic genetic variants such as SOD-1 mutation carriers have highlighted structural and metabolic changes prior to symptom onset and have offered unprecedented insights into the presymptomatic phase of the disease ( Ng et al., 2008 Carew et al., 2011 ). Recent work has provided evidence of network degeneration as opposed to preferential, focal white and grey matter pathology ( Douaud et al., 2011 ). Imaging studies of ALS have also contributed to our understanding of active biological processes, such as confirmation of inflammatory mechanisms ( Corcia et al., 2012 ), spread along functional connections ( Verstraete et al., 2013 ), and dysfunction of inhibitory circuits ( Douaud et al., 2011 ). Additionally, the anatomical bases of recent clinical observations, such as the concept of cortical focality, neuropsychological deficits, extrapyramidal dysfunction, and sensory deficits, have been elucidated. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews of ALS imaging have focused primarily on the achievements of landmark studies, and are insufficiently critical of shortcomings, discussion of which may contribute to improved study designs.ĪLS imaging has been relatively successful as a descriptive tool, characterising features of specific ALS phenotypes and genotypes ( Chang et al., 2005 Stanton et al., 2009a Bede et al., 2013a ). However, the majority of recent systematic reviews on the topic are technique-based ( Turner et al., 2012 ), classifying and discussing studies based on the specific imaging method utilised, rather than highlighting common themes and shared conclusions. An exponential increase in high-impact imaging publications of ALS has been seen in recent years.
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